In the RAID framework, which category represents challenges that have already occurred?

In the RAID framework, the category that represents challenges that have already occurred is issues. This category is specifically focused on problems that have manifested and need to be addressed. Unlike risks, which pertain to potential future events that may or may not happen, issues are current and require immediate attention and resolution. Therefore, identifying and managing issues is crucial for maintaining project momentum and ensuring that objectives can still be achieved despite existing challenges.

In contrast, other categories like assumptions represent things taken for granted within a project, risks involve possible future events that could create setbacks, and dependencies relate to the relationships and reliance between different project elements. Each of these categories has its role in project management, but issues specifically highlight the current challenges that need to be tackled.